Efficient Approaches for Quantification of Aortic Regurgitation Using Proximal Isovelocity Surface Area Process

Aortic Regurgitation is also known as Aortic Insufficiency (AI). It indicates the inability of the aortic valve. During diastole, the aortic valve allows blood flow in the reverse direction from aorta into the left ventricle. Regurgitation is due to incompetence of the aortic valve or any disorder of the valvular apparatus (e.g., leaflets, annulus of the aorta) ensuing in diastolic flow of blood into the left ventricular chamber. AR force an accurate amount overload to the left ventricle (LV) which results in dilation, eccentric hypertrophy and finally loss of function. The integral part of aorta is aortic valve, which is tubular-like structure. During systole and diastole, the valve apparatus includes three distinct leaflets with definitive passive motion. Due to relatively high systolic and diastolic pressure the aortic valve is challenged with a relatively high mechanical stress and, in terms of morphology, a consideration is to be made of the relation to origin of the coronary arteries. During systole and diastole, the movement of the tube is insufficient in all directions [18]. Echocardiography which is followed by MR imaging (or contrast aortography) produces all valuable parameters. Additionally the key considerations are the diameter of the AV orifice and of the neighboring ascending aorta segment diameter. Of late in clinical cardiology an all-round estimation of Valvular Regurgitation is an essential objective to be carried out by the cardiac surgery. Evaluation of the severity of regurgitation is supreme to clinical decision making in patients with AR., because patients with severe Aortic Regurgitation often need surgical